Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are recently found to be a special subgroup of regulatory T
(Treg) cells. Tfr cells play an important role in regulating the germinal center (GC) response …

T follicular helper cells participate in stimulating germinal center (GC) formation and
supporting B cell differentiation and autoantibody production. However, T follicular …

High‐affinity antibodies are produced during multiple processes in germinal centres (GCs),
where follicular helper T (Tfh) cells interact closely with B cells to support B‐cell survival …

CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are recognized as a distinct T-cell subset, which provides
help for germinal center (GC) formation, B-cell development and affinity maturation, and …

In the germinal center (GC), follicular helper T (TFH) cells interact with B cells and undergo a
series of GC reactions to ultimately produce high-affinity antibodies and memory plasma …

Highlights•Tfr cells regulate humoral immunity, thereby controlling antibody
responses.•Roles of Tfr cells have been unclear due to lack of specific tools to study …

High affinity antibodies result from interactions between B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh)
cells in germinal centers (GCs). Recent studies have identified an effector subset of T …

In recent years, follicular helper T (TFH) cells have become a hot topic for immunologists
due to their pivotal role in modulating antibody-mediated immune responses. Although …

T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that express CXCR5 and
migrate into germinal centers (GCs). They regulate GC reactions by communicating with T …

Germinal centers (GC) have been known as key anatomic structures in humoral immunity,
where isotype switching and affinity maturation occur. As a consequence, elucidation of GC …