Safety data in chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) with long-term opioid therapy has been
poorly studied and can be differently influenced by gender. Furthermore, pharmacogenetics …

The threats involved in the long‐term opioid treatment of chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP)
have increased notably. Strategies to identify at‐risk patients are important because there is …

Chronic non-cancer pain is a debilitating condition associated with high individual and
societal costs. While opioid treatment for pain has been available for centuries, it is …

Aim A finite number of variants in the OPRM1, COMT, MC1R, ABCB1 and CYP2D6 genes
has been identified to significantly modulate the effects of opioids in controlled homogenous …

Part of the interindividual variability in pain therapy has been associated with genetic
polymorphisms. Several genetic variants prevent or at least decrease pain in their carriers …

Opioids are extensively used in patients with cancer pain; despite their efficacy, several
patients can experience ineffective analgesia and/or side effects. Pharmacogenetics is a …

Aims: The use of medication in pain management currently involves empirical adjustment
based on observed clinical outcome and the presence of adverse drug reactions. In this …

This retrospective study evaluates the link between an adverse drug reaction (ADR) or a non-
response to treatment and cytochromes P450 (CYP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or catechol-O …

Background As pain is often a comorbid condition, many patients use opioid analgesics in
combination with several other drugs. This implies a generally increased risk of drug …

Objective Opioids are one of the most commonly prescribed medicines for chronic pain.
However, their use for chronic pain has been controversial. The objective of this literature …