In this chapter, we discuss the classification and diagnosis of anal fistulas and the surgical
approaches for fistula repair. According to the Parks classification, there are four main fistula …

Ideal surgical treatment for anal fistula should aim to eradicate sepsis and promote healing
of the tract, whilst preserving the sphincters and the mechanism of continence. For the …

The objective of modern anal fistula treatment is healing of the fistula without diminished
fecal continence. Sphincter saving techniques have been developed for anal fistulas, for …

Aim Over the last 5 years, the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) procedure has
become increasingly popular as a sphincter‐preserving technique for the treatment of anal …

This article reviews the evaluation and treatment of patients with anal fistulas in the new
millenium. New methods of evaluation with transanal ultrasonography with hydrogen …

The management of complex anal fistulas can be quite challenging for the surgeon and
frustrating for the patient. The primary goal is to first control sepsis, then to define the …

Background Anal fistula remains nowadays a concern for surgeons. It is a complicated
disease because it affects the anal sphincters location and infection is always present to …

Anal fistula are, from the very beginning of fistula surgery, a difficultto-treat entity. There are
many therapeutical options to treat them. For idiopathic anorectal fistulas, most …

BACKGROUND: The ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure, a sphincter-
preserving technique, aims to obtain complete, durable healing, while preserving fecal …

Fistulae-in-ano represent one of the more challenging anorectal diseases faced by
surgeons, as appropriate management requires careful balance between the need for local …