Background: Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has both anti-and pro-inflammatory roles associated with
chronic inflammation. It causes tissue destruction by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines …

Aim: This study evaluates the saliva and serum levels of IL-21 in patients with chronic
periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals. Settings and Design: The present study …

Background: The objective of the present study was to estimate the levels of interleukin (IL)-
17, the proinflammatory cytokine produced by the activated T helper 17 cells in gingival …

Abstract Recently discovered interleukin 29 (IL-29) has antiviral properties and its
production is induced by herpes viruses. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of non …

Objective: The onset, severity and progression of periodontal diseases are mainly related to
the inflammatory host response against periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to …

Background: Interleukin-29 (IL-29) is one of the cytokines which has immunomodulatory
properties and might play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The aim of this …

Background: A novel member of the interleukin (IL)‐12 family, IL‐35 is an important
inhibitory cytokine released by regulatory T cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate gingival …

Background: Interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) controls the differentiation of T‐helper Th17 cells and
induces the production of IL‐17 in this T‐cell subtype. The aim of this study is to determine …

IL-22 is a cytokine that is assumed to improve anti-microbial defense of epidermal and
epithelial cells and the cells of gastrointestinal and respiratory systems. With respect to …

Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the levels of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-18 in
gingival tissue extracts from individuals with healthy gingiva, chronic gingivitis, and mild …