The discovery of numerous endogenous neuropeptides that participate in the formation,
transmission, modulation, and perception of pain signals offers numerous strategies for the …

A large number of endogenous peptides have been isolated and characterized (Table 15.1).
These peptides are involved in a wide range of important physiological processes both …

Binding of opiates to specific receptors was first demonstrated in 1973 and the first
endogenous opioid peptides, the enkephalins, were discovered two years later. Important …

Analysis of the structure-activity data in the area of opioid peptides and opiates is severely
compromised by the presence of multiple receptors, incomplete pharmacological …

Human opiorphin QRFSR-peptide protects enkephalins from degradation by human neutral
endopeptidase (hNEP) and aminopeptidase-N (hAP-N) and inhibits pain perception in a …

Endogenous opioid peptides have been aligned with a diverse array of effects. Their activity
is not only attributable to action the three main opioid receptors, mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and …

Opioid receptors and opioid peptides constitute the endogenous opioid system. The most
relevant function of the opioid system seems to be the inhibitory modulation of nociceptive …

Opioid receptors (micro, delta, and kappa) belong to a large family of G protein-coupled
receptors and play an important physiological role. Stimulation of these receptors triggers …

The numerous endogenous opioid peptides (β‐endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins…) and
the exogenous opioids (such as morphine) exert their effects through the activation of …