Trigeminal neuralgia is unilateral, lancinating, episodic pain that can be provoked by routine
activities. Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, are the drugs of choice; however, these …

Endogenous opioid peptides have been aligned with a diverse array of effects. Their activity
is not only attributable to action the three main opioid receptors, mu (MOR), delta (DOR), and …

The numerous endogenous opioid peptides (β‐endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins…) and
the exogenous opioids (such as morphine) exert their effects through the activation of …

Opioid receptors (micro, delta, and kappa) belong to a large family of G protein-coupled
receptors and play an important physiological role. Stimulation of these receptors triggers …

Human opiorphin QRFSR-peptide protects enkephalins from degradation by human neutral
endopeptidase (hNEP) and aminopeptidase-N (hAP-N) and inhibits pain perception in a …

The unpleasant sensation of pain is experienced by all human beings at a given point in life.
When pain gets severe and/or chronic it requires medical treatment. For over a thousand …

Few neurotransmitter systems have fascinated the general public as much as the
endorphins, otherwise known as the endogenous opioid peptides. They have been termed …

Objectives Boropinol-B is a phenylpropanoid compound originally isolated from Boronia
pinnata Sm.(Rutaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the sedative–hypnotic effects of …

The search for new peptides to be used as analgesics in place of morphine has been mainly
directed to develop peptide analogues or peptidomimetics having higher biological stability …

The opioid antagonist activities of two bivalent ligands, BNI and nor-BNI, have been
evaluated in smooth muscle preparations and in mice. Both ligands are highly potent and …