Recurrent vulvovaginal infections (RVVI) has not only become an epidemiological and
clinical problem but also include large social and psychological consequences …

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, is a Gram negative,
coffee-bean shaped facultative intracellular diplococcus bacterium, the classical sexually …

The vaginal microbiome is an intricate and dynamic microecosystem that constantly
undergoes fluctuations during the female menstrual cycle and the woman's entire life. A …

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that increases the risk of infection with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and causes infertility and urethral stricture. We …

Introduction: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) and Trichomonas vaginalis (T.
vaginalis) are the most common sexually transmitted microorganisms. Contamination with …

Since the introduction of antibiotics in the 1930s, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has exhibited a
remarkable ability to acquire novel genetic resistance determinants. Initially, sulphonamides …

Introduction Neisseria gonorrhea (N. gonorrhea) represents a significant causative agent of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), posing considerable global health challenges. Despite …

Over 150 years ago, investigations were started on the vaginal microbiota (VMB). Women's
health and reproduction are significantly influenced by the vaginal microbiome. The vaginal …

The vaginal microbiota, the host endocrine system, the vaginal anatomy, and the local
mucosal immunity comprise the vaginal microbiota, which interacts with each other to …