The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem
that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) …

Organoids are biological systems grown in vitro and are observed to self-organize into 3D
cellular tissues of specific organs. Brain organoids have emerged as valuable models for the …

Abstract Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems were developed by combining microfluidic
technologies and tissue engineering to mimic physiological conditions in the body. OOC …

Highlights•3D cultures are more advantageous than monolayers as biomimetics for drug
screening.•Bioprinting constructs complex tissue models that serve in vitro drug …

Despite the complexity and structural sophistication that 3D organoid models provide, their
lack of vascularization and perfusion limit the capability of these models to recapitulate …

Animals often fail to faithfully mimic human diseases and drug toxicities, and most in vitro
models are not complex enough to recapitulate human body function and pathophysiology …

Recent advances in integrating microengineering and tissue engineering have generated
promising microengineered physiological models for experimental medicine and …

An organ-on-a-chip is a microfluidic cell culture device created with microchip manufacturing
methods that contains continuously perfused chambers inhabited by living cells arranged to …

Developing biologically relevant models of human tissues and organs is an important
enabling step for disease modeling and drug discovery. Recent advances in tissue …

Microphysiological in vitro systems are platforms for preclinical evaluation of drug effects
and significant advances have been made in recent years. However, existing microfluidic …