Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) include 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-
butanone (NNK), N′-nitroso nornicotine (NNN), N′-nitroso anabasine (NAB) and N …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are N-nitroso-derivatives of pyridine-alkaloids (eg,
nicotine) present in tobacco and cigarette smoke. Two TSNAs, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) …

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) are strong carcinogens widely found in tobacco
products, environmental tobacco smoke, lake, and wastewater. The main objective of this …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), in particular, the human carcinogens 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), are …

The objective of this work was to characterize trends over time in urinary excretion of 4-
(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) among cigarette smokers in the US. We …

Abstract Introduction: NNAL [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanonol] is a valid
biomarker of tobacco use. However; no study has assessed its use in distinguishing current …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are emitted during smoking and form indoors by
nitrosation of nicotine. Two of them, N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4 …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are one of the major classes of carcinogens found in
tobacco products. As part of collaborative efforts to reduce tobacco use and resulting …

New tobacco products, designed to attract consumers who are concerned about the health
effects of tobacco, have been appearing on the market. Objective evaluation of these …

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) comprise one of the major classes of carcinogenic
compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. As part of collaborative efforts between the …