Androgens ie testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), have essential roles in the
differentiation and growth of normal prostate cells, as well as in the progression of prostate …

Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer
progression in patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy. The molecular …

Background Castration resistant prostate cancer progression is associated with an acquired
intratumoral androgen synthesis. Signaling pathways that can upregulate androgen …

Despite the amenability of early-stage prostate cancer to surgery and radiation therapy,
locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is clinically problematic. Chemical …

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription
factors and is central to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Ligand-activated AR engages …

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer metastasis to bone is the second most commonly
diagnosed malignant disease among men worldwide. Such metastatic disease is …

Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the most commonly-occurring cancers worldwide and a
leader in cancer-related deaths. Local non-invasive PCa is highly treatable but limited …

The semaphorins represent a large family of signaling molecules with crucial roles in
neuronal and cardiac development. While normal semaphorin function pertains largely to …

Abstract Semaphorin 4A (SEMA4A) belonged to a family of membrane-bound proteins that
were initially recognized as a kind of axon guidance factors in nervous system. It was …

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an important treatment strategy that can be used to
delay the progression of prostate cancer. However, after an initial response, which varies …