Mutual interference between surface ligands on multifunctional nanoparticles remains a
significant obstacle to achieving optimal drug-delivery efficacy. Here, we develop ligand …

The efficacy of oral insulin drug delivery is seriously hampered by multiple gastrointestinal
barriers, especially transepithelial barriers, including apical endocytosis, lysosomal …

Oral protein drug delivery using nano-based systems remains challenging, as contradictory
surface properties are required for efficient navigation through the intestinal mucus and …

Protein and peptide drugs orally suffer from extremely low bioavailability principally for the
complicated gastrointestinal environment along with the difficulty of passing through the …

pH-Responsive nanoparticles composed of chitosan (CS) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)
blended with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and MgSO4 (multi-ion-crosslinked NPs) were prepared …

Oral delivery of insulin is of great convenience in treating diabetes but is still subject to the
harsh gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we developed an intelligent oral insulin platform based …

Subcutaneous and pulmonary insulin is associated with medical and pharmaceutical
complications. Oral insulin mimics physiological glucose regulation with reduced …

Herein we report on a charge-adaptive nanosystem for prolonged and enhanced in vivo
antibiotic delivery. The nanocarrier achieves acid-dependent charge conversion, thus …

To mimic native insulin activity, materials have been developed that encapsulate insulin,
glucose oxidase, and catalase for glucose-responsive insulin delivery. A major challenge …

Overcoming epithelial barriers to enhance drug absorption is a major challenge for
nanoparticle (NP)-based mucosal delivery systems. With adequate physicochemical …