The trigeminal ganglion (TG) is the primary site of aberration in trigeminal neuralgia (TN),
and hence a crucial site where afferent input can be modulated. Here, we postulated that …

The peripheral trigeminovascular pathway mediates orofacial and craniofacial pain and
projects centrally to the brainstem trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNc). Sensitization of this …

The nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) is an important component of brain reward circuitry, but
studies have revealed its involvement in pain circuitry also. However, its effect on trigeminal …

Purpose The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role in the initiation,
development, and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Recently, the effects of optical …

The significance of hyperactive astrocytes in neuropathic pain is crucial. However, the
association between medullary astrocytes and trigeminal neuralgia (TN)-related pain …

Posterior hypothalamus (PH), an important part of the descending pain processing pathway,
has been found to be activated in trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. However, there are …

The integration of optogenetics in the trigeminal pain circuitry broadens and reinforces
existing pain investigations. Similar to research on spinal neuropathic pain, the exploration …

Neuropathic pain can be generated by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD).
Stimulation of primary motor cortex can disrupt the nociceptive sensory signal at dorsal root …

Background Highlighted by the current opioid epidemic, identifying novel therapies to treat
chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain is a critical need. To develop these treatments, it is …

Background Previous studies have reported that electrical stimulation of the motor cortex is
effective in reducing trigeminal neuropathic pain; however, the effects of optical motor cortex …