Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research.
They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional …

Simple Summary Presently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different
models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids …

Introduction: Developing in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of
great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity …

Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) have received extensive attention in the
field of biomedicine due to their ability to simulate the structure and function of tissues in vivo …

Improved in vitro models are needed to better understand cancer progression and bridge
the gap between in vitro proof-of-concept studies, in vivo validation, and clinical application …

Monolayer cell culture does not adequately model the in vivo behavior of tissues, which
involves complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic
the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of …

Recently, many types of in vitro 3‐D culture systems have been developed to recapitulate
the in vivo growth conditions of cancer. The cancer 3‐D culture methods aim to preserve the …

To more accurately study the complex mechanisms behind cancer invasion, progression,
and response to treatment, researchers require models that replicate both the multicellular …

Cancer cells propagated in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems exhibit physiologically
relevant cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, gene expression and signaling pathway …