Solid tumors develop as 3D tissue constructs. As tumors grow larger, spatial gradients of
nutrients and oxygen and inadequate diffusive supply to cells distant from vasculature …

Tumor spheroids are three-dimensional clusters of cancer cells that exhibit characteristics of
poorly perfused tumors and hence present a relevant model for testing the efficacy of anti …

Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts
have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the …

Spheroids provide a 3D environment with intensive cell–cell contacts. As a result of their
excellent regenerative properties and rapid progress in their high-throughput production …

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Multicellular tumor spheroids are attracting more attention as a physiologically relevant in
vitro tumor model for biomedical research. The size of spheroids is one of the critical …

Compared with traditional monolayer cell culture, the three-dimensional tumor spheroid has
emerged as an essential in vitro model for cancer research due to the recapitulation of the …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cultures use the property of some cells to self-organize in
matrices and generate structures that can be programmed to represent an organ or a …

Tumor models have created new avenues for personalized medicine and drug
development. A new culture model derived from a three-dimensional system, the tumor …

Malignant tumors are one of the leading causes of death which impose an increasingly
heavy burden on all countries. Therefore, the establishment of research models that closely …