Background and Purpose—In cerebral stroke, the overall mortality rate of older individuals is
higher than that of younger individuals. We therefore investigated aging-related changes in …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects an ever-growing population of all ages with long-term
consequences on health and cognition. Many of the issues that TBI patients face are thought …

After traumatic brain injury (TBI) elderly patients suffer from higher mortality rate and worse
functional outcome compared to young patients. However, experimental TBI research is …

Stroke is a leading cause of cognitive impairment and dementia, but the mechanisms that
underlie post-stroke cognitive decline are not well understood. Stroke produces profound …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability all over the world. TBI
leads to (1) an inflammatory response,(2) white matter injuries and (3) neurodegenerative …

Emerging evidence suggests that the meningeal compartment plays instrumental roles in
various neurological disorders, however, we still lack fundamental knowledge about …

Traumatic injury to the brain (TBI) results in a complex set of responses involving various
symptoms and long-term consequences. TBI of any form can cause cognitive, behavioral …

Adverse effects of age on the outcome of brain injury are well documented, but the
mechanism is not well understood. Enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and …

Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) increase expression of
tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) that characterizes the M1 activation state of macrophages …

Introduction Stroke is a disease that presents with well-known sex differences. While women
account for more stroke deaths, recent data show that after adjusting for age and pre-stroke …