Aging leads to adverse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. The mechanisms underlying
these defects, however, are not yet clear. In this study, we found that astrocytes in the aged …

The peripheral immune system is a major regulator of the pathophysiology associated with
traumatic brain injury (TBI). While age-at-injury influences recovery from TBI, the differential …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leaves many survivors with long-term disabilities. A prolonged
immune response in the brain may cause neurodegeneration, resulting in chronic …

Abstract Treatment options for managing traumatic brain injury remain limited. Therapies
that limit the development of secondary brain injury—the delayed injury that can occur days …

There is a compelling link between severe brain trauma and immunosuppression in patients
with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although acute changes in the systemic immune …

Neuroinflammation is initiated as a result of traumatic brain injury and can exacerbate
evolving tissue pathology. Immune cells respond to acute signals from damaged cells …

Most of the successes in experimental models of stroke have not translated well to the clinic.
One potential reason for this failure is that stroke mainly afflicts the elderly and the majority of …

Background It is well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and chronic
alterations in systemic immune function and that systemic immune changes contribute to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits immediate neuroinflammatory events that contribute to
acute cognitive, motor, and affective disturbance. Despite resolution of these acute …

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), neurons surviving the initial insult can undergo chronic
(secondary) degeneration via poorly understood mechanisms, resulting in long-term …