In the absence of a cure, HIV-infected patients are being successfully treated with
antiretroviral therapies (ART) and living longer. Indeed, an increasing number of HIV …

Increasingly effective therapies for HIV infection are now available. These treatments,
referred to collectively as highly active antiretroviral therapy, comprise various combinations …

Morphologic and metabolic abnormalities, including subcutaneous adipose tissue wasting,
central adipose tissue accumulation, dyslipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism are …

The successful introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), a combination of
potent antiretroviral agents, including protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase …

As antiretroviral therapy has decreased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated
mortality, cardiometabolic abnormalities have become increasingly apparent in HIV-infected …

Peripheral lipodystrophy, central adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes
mellitus, in varying constellations, are frequent complications of highly active antiretroviral …

HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use are associated with perturbations in
glucose and lipid metabolism. Increasing incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and …

Early in the HIV epidemic, multiple endocrine and metabolic abnormalities were observed in
HIV-infected patients. These abnormalities were either related glandular infection or …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review reports on published studies describing metabolic
changes associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV disease including a …

Here we review how immune activation and insulin resistance contribute to the metabolic
alterations observed in HIV-infected patients, and how these alterations increase the risk of …