The immunogenicity of haptens determines the performance of the resultant antibody for
small molecules. Rigidity is one of the basic physicochemical properties of haptens …

Pollution of N-methyl carbamate (NMC) pesticides is threatening the non-target organisms'
survival. Thus, broad-specific antibodies and class-selective immunoassays are demanding …

To become specialized binders, antibodies undergo a process called affinity maturation to
maximize their binding affinity. Despite this process, some antibodies retain low-affinity …

Antibodies with a wide recognition profile of fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been produced
based on chemical criteria, theoretical studies, and molecular modeling assisted hapten …

Some antibodies exhibit elevated viscosity at high concentrations, making them poorly
suited for therapeutic applications requiring administration by injection such as …

Random mutagenesis is the natural opportunity for proteins to evolve and biotechnologically
it has been exploited to create diversity and identify variants with improved characteristics in …

Purpose Early identification of monoclonal antibody candidates whose development, as
high concentration (≥ 100 mg/mL) drug products, could prove challenging, due to high …

Antibody is the key biomolecule that governing the sensitivity and specificity of an
immunoassay for chemical compound, also named hapten molecule. Obviously, predication …

While antibody-based therapeutics have grown to be one of the major classes of novel
medicines, some antibody development candidates face significant challenges regarding …

To deepen our understanding of the physiochemical principles that govern hapten–antibody
recognition, ofloxacin enantiomers were chosen as a model for epitope prediction of small …