Sex steroids play a pivotal role in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In
this study, we examined how the sex steroids estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and …

Objective We examined how the sex steroids influence the synthesis of gonadotropins.
Materials and Methods The effects of sex steroids estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and …

To clarify the direct effects of androgens, the changes in the hypothalamic levels of
reproductive and appetite regulatory factors induced by chronic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) …

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder that affects
reproductive-age women. The mechanisms underlying the endocrine heterogeneity and …

Hyperandrogenic women have various grades of ovulatory dysfunction, which lead to
infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic exposure to androgen …

Insufficiency of thyroid hormones inhibits gonadotropin release and results in dysregulation
of reproductive function, although the precise mechanism of this disrupted gonadotropin …

Differences in reproductive endocrinology distinguish Hatano high-avoidance animals
(HAA) from low-avoidance animals (LAA). Compared to HAA rats, female LAA rats secrete …

Tonic gonadotrophin secretion throughout the menstrual cycle is regulated by the negative‐
feedback actions of ovarian oestradiol (E 2) and progesterone. Although kisspeptin …

Kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1, activates reproduction by stimulating GnRH neurons.
Although most Kiss1 neurons are located in the hypothalamus, smaller Kiss1 populations …

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is primarily produced by ovarian granulosa cells and
contributes to follicle development. AMH is also produced in other tissues, including the …