Introduction Endovascular treatment offers different options to treat CCF by less invasive
approach avoiding morbidity and residual fistulas. The choice depends on the anatomy of …

Carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) are dangerous entities that may cause progressive cranial
neuropathy, headache and blindness. Endovascular therapy for CCF is the treatment of …

Purpose: The main objective was to report the epidemiology, clinical manifestations,
angiography features, treatment modality and post-treatment outcomes in patients …

Objective Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are pathologic arteriovenous shunts between
the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. The resulting venous congestion within the …

BACKGROUND: Endovascular embolization is the preferred treatment for carotid-cavernous
fistulas (CCFs), but failure to catheterize the cavernous sinus may occur as a result of …

Carotid–cavernous fistulas represent abnormal communication between the carotid
circulation and the cavernous sinus. They can be classified as direct or indirect. The Barrow …

Endovascular treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) can be performed by either
arterial or venous approaches. The aim is to disconnect the fistula with or without …

Abstract Purpose Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the
cavernous sinus (CS) and carotid arteries. In direct CCFs, a transarterial route is often the …

Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are abnormal connections between the carotid artery and
the cavernous sinus. They are considered direct when there is a direct connection between …

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are anomalous connections between the carotid
circulation and the cavernous sinus, and may cause significant morbidity. Endovascular …