Despite advances in drug-delivery technologies, successful oral administration of protein
drugs remains an elusive challenge. When protein drugs are administered orally, they can …

The oral route is considered to be the most convenient and comfortable means of drug
administration for patients. Nevertheless, oral administration of hydrophilic macromolecules …

Over the last few decades, various natural polymers have been applied to the problem of
oral insulin delivery using advanced nanotechnology. Parenteral administration of insulin is …

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) have been commonly regarded as potential carriers for the
mucosal delivery of therapeutic peptides because of their biocompatibility, bioadhesion and …

Oral administration of insulin faces multiple biological challenges, such as varied digestive
environments, mucin exclusion, and low epithelial cells' absorption. In the present study, a …

Chitosan is an abundant natural cationic polysaccharide with excellent biodegradability,
bioadhesion, and biocompatibility. Chitosan is extensively researched for various particulate …

Nanoparticles (NPs) composed of chitosan (CS) and poly (γ-glutamic acid)(γ-PGA) were
prepared by a simple ionic-gelation method for oral insulin delivery. Fourier transform …

Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic and chronic disease affecting millions of
people in the world. The most common route of insulin therapy is the subcutaneous injection …

The potential of nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome the barriers for oral delivery of protein
drugs have led to the development of platforms capable of improving their bioavailability …

Insulin delivery by oral route would be ideal, but has no effect, due to the harsh conditions of
the gastrointestinal tract. Protection of insulin using encapsulation in self-assembled …