The mechanisms that drive the evolution of intraspecifc predation (cannibalism) are unclear.
Many authors speculate that predators can make substantial gains in nutrition and …

Predator–prey dynamics have led to a strong selection of prey's ability to detect and respond
to information about the risk environment. Further, intrinsic factors, such as sex, may cause …

Predation threat is a major driver of behavior in many prey species. Animals can recognize
their relative risk of predation based on cues in the environment, including visual and/or …

Morphological plasticity can influence adaptive divergence when it affects fitness
components such as foraging performance. We induced morphological variation in …

Behavioural variation is known to occur between individuals of the same population
competing for resources. Individuals also vary with respect to their boldness or shyness. An …

Within populations of many species, individuals that are otherwise similar to one another in
age, size or sex can differ markedly in behaviours such as resource use, risk taking and …

Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and redear (Lepomis microlophus) sunfish are
phylogenetic sister species that are specialized for molluscivory. The native ranges of these …

Highlights•A desert-dwelling fish shows population divergence in multiple temperament
traits.•Two measures of boldness (neophilia and refuge emergence) diverge independently.• …

Juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) undergo an ontogenetic change in their
response to chemical alarm cues of a heterospecific prey guild member (finescale dace …

Encountering and adaptively responding to unfamiliar or novel stimuli is a fundamental
challenge facing animals and is linked to fitness. Behavioral responses to novel stimuli, or …