Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common feature of natural sounds, and its detection is
biologically important. Even though most sounds are not fully modulated, the majority of …

Conflicting results have led to different views about how temporal modulation is encoded in
primary auditory cortex (A1). Some studies find a substantial population of neurons that …

Key points• Amplitude modulation (AM) is a key information‐carrying feature of natural
sounds. The majority of physiological data on AM representation are in response to 100 …

Fluctuations in the amplitude envelope of complex sounds provide critical cues for hearing,
particularly for speech and animal vocalizations. Responses to amplitude modulation (AM) …

Joris, PX, CE Schreiner, and A. Rees. Neural Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Sounds.
Physiol Rev 84: 541–577, 2004; 10.1152/physrev. 00029.2003.—Amplitude modulation …

Temporal modulations in stimulus amplitude are essential for recognizing and categorizing
behaviorally relevant acoustic signals such as speech. Despite this behavioral importance, it …

In many animals, the information most important for processing communication sounds,
including speech, consists of temporal envelope cues below∼ 20 Hz. Physiological studies …

We recorded from middle–lateral (ML) and primary (A1) auditory cortex while macaques
discriminated amplitude-modulated (AM) noise from unmodulated noise. Compared with A1 …

Envelope fluctuations of complex sounds carry information that is essential for many types of
discrimination and for detection in noise. To study the neural representation of envelope …

The effect of attention on single neuron responses in the auditory system is unresolved. We
found that when monkeys discriminated temporally amplitude modulated (AM) from …