Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food crop that provides 20% of total human calorie
consumption. Gene duplication has been considered to play an important role in evolution …

Genome duplications aid in the formation of novel molecular networks through regulatory
differentiation of the duplicated genes and facilitate adaptation to environmental change …

Whole genome duplication (WGD) is an evolutionary phenomenon, which causes significant
changes to genomic structure and trait architecture. In recent years, a number of studies …

Gene duplication is a universal biological phenomenon that drives genomic variation and
diversity, plays a crucial role in plant evolution, and contributes to innovations in genetic …

Ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes
have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. These duplicates …

Polyploidies produce a large number of duplicated regions and genes in genomes, which
have a long-term impact and stimulate genetic innovation. The high similarity between …

Whole-genome duplication or polyploidy is widespread throughout eukaryotes but is most
prevalent in flowering plant lineages. The evolutionary processes following polyploidization …

Hexaploid wheat consists of three subgenomes, namely, A, B, and D. These well-
characterized ancestral genomes also exist at the diploid and tetraploid levels, thereby …

Background Bread wheat is not only an important crop, but its large (17 Gb), highly
repetitive, and hexaploid genome makes it a good model to study the organization and …

Allohexaploidization and continuous introgression play a key role in the origin and evolution
of bread wheat. The genetic bottleneck of bread wheat resulting from limited germplasms …