Consistent individual differences in behavioural responses to perceived predation risk may
have extensive ecological and evolutionary implications. We studied the repeatability of …

Individual variation in the behavior of prey can influence predation risk in complex ways. We
ran individual roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common freshwater fish, through a standard refuge …

In recent years, evidence for interindividual variation in “personality” within animal
populations has been accumulating. Personality is defined as consistency in an individual's …

Natural selection often promotes a mix of behavioural phenotypes in a population. Adaptive
variation in the propensity to take risks might explain individual differences in shyness and …

Although the existence of different personality traits within and between animal populations
has been relatively well established, the ecological implications of this variation remain …

The boldness of individual Brachyrhaphis episcopi, collected from regions of high and low
predation, was investigated using two independent assays:(1) the time to emerge from cover …

In recent years, many studies have investigated the potential state dependence of individual
differences in behaviour, with the aim to understand the proximate and ultimate causes and …

There is a growing interest in animal personality because individual variation is the
substrate of the evolutionary process. Despite revelations that personality traits affect key …

A behavioral syndrome is a suite of behaviors correlated across multiple social contexts. In
this study, boldness in the face of predation risk was assessed twice in fish across two …

Highlights•We studied individual variation in the behaviour of wild pike cichlid
predators.•Predators were repeatedly presented with prey stimuli and no-prey …