The binding of superantigenic bacterial toxins to MHC class II (Ia) molecules initiates the
activation of diverse immune cells including T and B lymphocytes, monocytes and natural …

Exotoxins of a variety of microorganisms are major pathogenicity factors. Many of these
toxins are directed against cells of the defense system [1]. The staphylococcal enterotoxins …

Dimerization of MHC class II molecules on the cell surface of human THP-1 monocytic cell
line is a requirement for staphylococcal superantigen (SAG)-induced cytokine gene …

Staphylococcus enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) are members of the
family of staphylococcal exoproteins (SE) which bind specifically to HLA class II molecules …

Staphylococcal superantigens (SEs and TSST-1) interact with and potentially activate two of
the main subsets of the immune system: T lymphocytes and MHC class II-positive cells …

Staphylococcal exotoxins (SE) are superantigens that bind to monomorphic determinants on
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and stimulate human peripheral …

Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) constitute a large family of bacterial toxins that share the
capacity to induce massive activation of the human immune system. Such a feature is based …

Superantigens are powerful microbial toxins that activate the immune system by binding to
class II major histocompatibility complex and T-cell receptor molecules. They cause a …

The term superantigen (SAg) was coined in 1989 in the research group of Philippa Marrack
and John Kappler and describes a group of proteins with extremely high potency to …

Staphylococcus aureus carries a highly conserved set of genes which encode a set of
secreted enterotoxins. Although it is likely that these enterotoxins affect the host/parasite in …