Activated B cells participate in either extrafollicular (EF) or germinal center (GC) responses.
Canonical responses are composed of a short wave of plasmablasts (PBs) arising from EF …

Germinal center (GC) B cells are the source of the high-affinity, class-switched antibodies
required for protective immunity. The unique biology of GC B cells involves iterative rounds …

Long-lasting Ab responses rely on the germinal center (GC), where B cells bearing high-
affinity Ag receptors are selected from a randomly mutated pool to populate the memory and …

Three possible effector fates await the naïve follicular B cell following antigen stimulation in
thymus-dependent reactions. Short-lived plasma cells produce an initial burst of germline …

Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized microenvironments formed after infection where
activated B cells can mutate their B‐cell receptors to undergo affinity maturation. A stringent …

Humoral immunity depends on the germinal centre (GC) reaction during which somatically
mutated high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. Recent studies have …

T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) localize to follicles where they provide growth and
selection signals to mutated germinal center (GC) B cells, thus promoting their differentiation …

Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of
somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones …

In germinal centres, somatic hypermutation and B cell selection increase antibody affinity
and specificity for the immunizing antigen, but the generation of autoreactive B cells is an …

Protective antibody responses to vaccination or infection depend on affinity maturation, a
process by which high-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells are selected on the basis of their …