Whole-organ/body three-dimensional (3D) staining and imaging have been enduring
challenges in histology. By dissecting the complex physicochemical environment of the …

To facilitate fine-scale phenotyping of whole specimens, we describe here a set of tissue
fixation-embedding, detergent-clearing and staining protocols that can be used to transform …

Morphological and molecular characteristics determine the function of biological tissues.
Attempts to combine immunofluorescence and electron microscopy invariably compromise …

Three-dimensional (3D) structural information on many length scales is of central
importance in biological research. Excellent methods exist to obtain structures of molecules …

The brain remains one of the most important but least understood tissues in our body, in part
because of its complexity as well as the limitations associated with in vivo studies. Although …

Understanding the structure–function relationships between diverse cell types in a complex
organ environment requires detailed in situ reconstruction of cell-associated molecular …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major regulator of homeostasis and disease, yet the 3D
structure of the ECM remains poorly understood because of limitations in ECM visualization …

Organ homeostasis, cellular differentiation, signal relay, and in situ function all depend on
the spatial organization of cells in complex tissues. For this reason, comprehensive, high …

A prerequisite for the systems biology analysis of tissues is an accurate digital three-
dimensional reconstruction of tissue structure based on images of markers covering multiple …

High-resolution confocal imaging is a vital tool for analyzing the 3D architecture and detailed
spatial distribution of cells in situ. However, imaging of skeletal tissue has remained …