In response to injury, tissues employ conserved reparative mechanisms to heal the damage
and recover their function. The reparative success varies according to the organism, the …

One of the main differences between the adult mammalian's central nervous system (CNS)
and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) is the capability to regenerate. It has long been …

During the past decade, the field has made impressive progress in understanding the
multicellular organization and interactions among multiple types of CNS glia, non-neural …

Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic
extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little was known about the major …

The poor recovery of the central nervous system (CNS) after injury, coupled with its complex
and immunologically-privileged nature, led to the belief that CNS repair is different from the …

Glial scars are a common pathological occurrence in a variety of central nervous system
(CNS) diseases and injuries. They are caused after severe damage and consist of reactive …

Inadequate axonal regeneration is a common phenomenon occurring following acute injury
to the central nervous system (CNS), and is often associated with permanent neurological …

Severe spinal cord injury causes permanent loss of function and sensation throughout the
body. The trauma causes a multifaceted torrent of pathophysiological processes which …

Tissue scarring upon cerebral ischemia entails a cascade of multifaceted cellular and
molecular mechanisms that govern the remodeling of the neurovascular unit, which …

Scar formation represents a reaction of nervous tissue to any form of physical injury.
Research over the past decade has demonstrated that the scar composed of glial cells and …