New cancer drug approval rates are≤ 5% despite significant investments in cancer
research, drug discovery and development. One strategy to improve the rate of success of …

Simple Summary Cancer is a global public health issue. The development and use of in vitro
cellular models with pre-clinical animal models are essential to elucidate the complex …

Simple Summary Presently, the investigation of the tumor is carried out using different
models. One of the promising areas is the creation of 3D tumor models, such as spheroids …

In comparison with 2D cell culture models, 3D spheroids are able to accurately mimic some
features of solid tumors, such as their spatial architecture, physiological responses …

Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …

Cancer cells propagated in three-dimensional (3D) culture systems exhibit physiologically
relevant cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, gene expression and signaling pathway …

Improved in vitro models are needed to better understand cancer progression and bridge
the gap between in vitro proof-of-concept studies, in vivo validation, and clinical application …

There is increasing recognition that three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture technologies have
many uses within the biomedical sciences beyond the scope of regenerative medicine. One …

Introduction: Despite the increasing financial outlay on cancer research and drug discovery,
many advanced cancers remain incurable. One possible strategy for increasing the approval …

Evolving understanding of structural and biological complexity of tumors has stimulated
development of physiologically relevant tumor models for cancer research and drug …