Abstract Treatment of severe and critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is
still a top priority in public health. Previously, we reported distinct Th1 cytokines related to …

Covid-19 features a delayed onset of critical illness occurring approximately one week from
the beginning of symptoms, which corresponds to the bridging of innate and adaptive …

Although it is now widely accepted that host inflammatory response contributes to COVID-19
immunopathogenesis, the pathways and mechanisms driving disease severity and clinical …

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease;
approximately 5% of patients developing severe COVID-19. It is known that cytokine release …

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has caused a global health crisis,
necessitating a deeper understanding of its pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the …

Abstract Aim To characterize Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-
γ, and IL-17A) among different stages of COVID-19 infection. Methods This was a cross …

In Europe, multiple waves of infections with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) have been observed.
Here, we have investigated whether common patterns of cytokines could be detected in …

The Th1/Th2 balance plays a crucial role in the progression of different pathologies and is a
determining factor in the evolution of infectious diseases. This work has aimed to evaluate …

Methods We assessed T helper cell responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals who
presented with either asymptomatic, mild, or severe disease. mRNA profiling of lineage …

The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies and the differences in host response
characterizing this variation have not been fully elucidated. COVID-19 disease severity …