Child abuse is associated with markedly elevated rates of major depression and other
psychiatric disorders in adulthood. This article reviews preclinical studies examining the …

Child abuse is associated with markedly elevated rates of major depression (MDD) in child,
adolescent, and adult cohorts. This article reviews preclinical (eg, animal) studies of the …

Early severe stress and maltreatment produces a cascade of neurobiological events that
have the potential to cause enduring changes in brain development. These changes occur …

The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the development of the
major psychiatric disorders has long been debated. Recently, considerable attention has …

There is considerable evidence to suggest that adverse early-life experiences have a
profound effect on the developing brain. Neurobiological changes that occur in response to …

Epidemiologic studies indicate that children exposed to early adverse experiences are at
increased risk for the development of depression, anxiety disorders, or both. Persistent …

Recent studies have focused on the behavioral and neurobiological sequella of exposure to
early adverse events. We hypothesize that early adverse experiences result in an increased …

A burgeoning number of clinical studies have evaluated the immediate and long-term
neurobiological effects of early developmental stress, eg, child abuse and neglect or …

Early exposure to psychosocial adversity is among the most potent predictors of depression.
Because depression commonly emerges prior to adulthood, we must consider the …

The ''invisible epidemic''of childhood sexual abuse is a major public health problem that is
twice as common in women as in men. Women and children are extremely vulnerable to …