Introduction The prevalence of chronic inflammatory airway diseases is rising. Their
treatment with corticosteroids increases infection risk, while overuse of antimicrobial agents …

The respiratory tract is constantly exposed to environmental aggressions including
allergens, infections, and pollution. The immune system is pivotal to fight potential invaders …

New knowledge about the pathogenesis of allergic and immunologic diseases has led to a
variety of novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Many immunomodulators are currently …

Asthma is responsible for approximately 25,000 deaths annually in Europe despite available
medicines that maintain asthma control and reduce asthma exacerbations. Better treatments …

An established mechanistic and clinical role for prophylaxis against paediatric respiratory
infections by nonspecific immunomodulators exists. Clinical trials underway promise to …

Immunopharmacology represents the boundary between the immune system and chemical
mediators of the inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses. The subject as applied to the …

In the last 50 years, there have been major advances in the understanding of the
pathophysiology and, more recently, the pathobiology of chronic respiratory diseases. A …

There is increasing evidence that chronic inflammation in asthma is mediated via a network
of cytokines emanating from inflammatory and structural cells in the airways. The prominent …

Background Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic
bronchitis may experience recurrent exacerbations, which negatively impact prognosis and …

(1) Background: A number of studies have demonstrated the connection between
developing or exacerbating chronic respiratory diseases in adults and children. However …