Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), developed for more than 30 years, are still being
extensively studied due to their excellent delivery performance. Compared with other …

Biological cell membranes are a natural barrier for living cells. In the last few decades, the
cell membrane has been the main hurdle in the efficient delivery of bioactive and therapeutic …

Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in
the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules …

Unique characteristics, such as nontoxicity and rapid cellular internalization, allow the cell-
penetrating peptides (CPPs) to transport hydrophilic macromolecules into cells, thus …

Introduction: Delivery of macromolecular drugs is an important field in medical research.
However, macromolecules are usually unable to cross the cell membrane without the …

Many therapeutic macromolecules must enter cells to take their action. However, their
treatment outcomes are often hampered by their poor transportation into target cells …

About 25 years ago it was demonstrated that certain peptides possess the ability to cross the
plasma membrane. This led to the development of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as …

Advancements in the development of large bioactive molecules as therapeutic agents have
made drug delivery an active and important field of research. Cell-penetrating peptides …

During the last decade, small peptides (10 to 15 amino acids) derived from the HIV-1 Tat
protein and from the drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain have been used to internalize …

The penetration of biological membranes is a prime obstacle for the delivery of
pharmaceutical drugs. Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) is an efficient vehicle that can deliver …