Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals with deleterious health effects leading to
oxidative stress and neuronal damage. This study investigated the levels of serum cotinine …

Background: Tobacco consumption is a major reason for morbidity and mortality in India and
more than 20% of worldwide tobacco related mortality occurs in India. Various analytical …

Background: Cotinine is a major metabolite of nicotine and retains for a substantial time in
different body fluids. It is considered as a passive smoke exposure marker. Studies on …

Background: Self-report does not provide complete information about tobacco smoke
exposure among users and is not relevant for secondhand exposure detection. Biochemical …

Background & objectives: Of the various biochemical markers used to validate the smoking
status of a person, nicotine and continine are considered as good markers for both active …

Background: Epidemiological studies in smokers indicate a dose-response relationship
between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the risk of developing certain …

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of biomolecules
associated with cigarette smoking have been implicated in multiple organ dysfunctions …

Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As
a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of …

Background: Environmental tobacco smoking exposure increased the level of urine cotinine
and exhaled carbon monoxide (COex). Evidence suggests that there is an association …

The impact of smoking on human health is remarkable and can lead to death. This research
was performed to test the effects of cigarette smoking on some parameters that are …