Decades of research support the idea that associations between a conditioned stimulus
(CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) are encoded in the lateral amygdala (LA) during …

Fear conditioning is a form of associative learning in which subjects come to express
defense responses to a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) that is paired with an aversive …

Pavlovian fear conditioning is an evolutionary conserved and extensively studied form of
associative learning and memory. In mammals, the lateral amygdala (LA) is an essential …

Fear conditioning and extinction are behavioral models that reflect the association and
dissociation of environmental cues to aversive outcomes, both known to involve the lateral …

In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the lateral amygdala (LA) has been highlighted as a key
brain site for association between sensory cues and aversive stimuli. However, learning …

The relative contributions of plasticity in the amygdala vs. its afferent pathways to
conditioned fear remain controversial. Some believe that thalamic and cortical neurons …

Experience-driven synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala is thought to underlie the
formation of associations between sensory stimuli and an ensuing threat. However, how the …

Background Pavlovian fear conditioning is a classical form of associative learning, which
depends on associative synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. Recent findings suggest that the …

In auditory fear conditioning, experimental subjects learn to associate an auditory
conditioned stimulus (CS) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus. With sufficient training …

Fear is a response to impending threat that prepares a subject to make appropriate
defensive responses, whether to freeze, fight, or flee to safety. The neural circuits that …