The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women is increasing,
as is hospitalization for COPD. The number of women dying of COPD in the United States …

An abundance of recent research indicates that there are multiple differences between
males and females both in normal physiology and in the pathophysiology of disease. The …

Highlights•Physiological changes during pregnancy influence many aspects of maternal
health.•Steroid and peptide hormones are elevated dramatically during gestation.•Reduced …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Are sex difference in the central
airways present in healthy paediatric patients? What is the main finding and its importance …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with
marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most …

This study evaluated the spirometry and respiratory static pressures in 17 young women,
twice a week for three successive ovulatory menstrual cycles to determine if such variables …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes multiple diseases that share as common
characteristic an elevated pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular involvement. Sex …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women is an understudied subject but is gaining
attention as a significant public health threat. In developed countries, efforts at preventing …

In recent years, the traditional, unspoken assumption in published biomedical research
studies that the young, healthy (usually white) male is the “default human” has received …

Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (AJP-Heart and Circ) must include details on
how sex as a biological variable was considered (1). We also produced an episode of the …