Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly progressing disease with a poor prognosis. We still have
many questions about the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and precise treatment of this …

Organoids derived from adult stem cells (ASCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are
important preclinical models for studying cancer and developing therapies. Here, we review …

In vitro cell culture models are emerging as promising tools to understand human
development, disease progression, and provide reliable, rapid and cost-effective results for …

Tumor organoids inherit the genomic and molecular characteristics of the donor tumor,
which not only bridge the gap between genome and phenotype but also circumvent the …

Based on recent advances in organoid research as well as the need to find more accurate
models for drug screening in cancer research, patient-derived organoids have emerged as …

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, in which cells grow in flat layers on plastic
surfaces, are considered the standard model for use in drug screening and for biological …

The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has already been
established as an essential tool in many basic biology and clinical applications. This near …

Drug sensitivity testing utilizing preclinical disease models such as cancer cell lines is an
important and widely used tool for drug development. Importantly, when combined with …

Traditional 2D cell cultures do not accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, and
insufficient human cell lines are available. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models more …

Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models
that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately. Recent …