While the global incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) remains well above
UNAIDS targets, sexual transmission HIV is surprisingly inefficient. A variety of host, viral …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, can facilitate
HIV transmission. In response to GC infection, genital epithelial cells can produce cytokines …

HIV synergy with sexually transmitted co-infections is well-documented in the clinic. Co-
infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in particular, increases genital HIV shedding and …

Clinical and epidemiological research provides evidence for a positive correlation between
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and HIV transmission; however, mechanistic studies …

To compare the effect of gonococcal co-infection on immortalized versus primary CD4+ T
cells the Jurkat cell line or freshly isolated human CD4+ T cells were infected with the HIV-1 …

There is considerable evidence that co-infection with the sexually transmitted pathogen
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) can increase the likelihood of both transmitting and acquiring …

Gonorrhoea enhances the transmission of HIV through increased viral shedding and the
increased probability of seroconversion among previously HIV-negative individuals …

Background: The host immune response against mucosally acquired pathogens may be
influenced by the mucosal immune milieu during acquisition. As Neisseria gonorrhoeae can …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an important sexually transmitted pathogen and a major cofactor
in HIV‐1 infection. This organism uses different mechanisms to infect male and female …

The intimate relationship between humans and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections span
centuries, which is evidenced in case reports from studies dating back to the late 1700s and …