Adaptive cellular immunity plays a major role in clearing microbial invasion of mucosal
tissues in mammals. Following the clearance of primary pathogens, memory lymphocytes …

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) comprise a newly defined subset, which comprises a
major component of lymphocyte populations in diverse peripheral tissue sites, including …

Much remains unknown about the roles of CD4+ T helper cells in shaping localized memory
B cell and CD8+ T cell immunity in the mucosal tissues. Here, we report that lung T helper …

Introduction Mucosal immunization eliciting local T-cell memory has been suggested for
improved protection against respiratory infections caused by viral variants evading pre …

Memory T cells are crucial for both local and systemic protection against pathogens over a
long period of time. Three major subsets of memory T cells; effector memory T (TEM) cells …

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells are an important first line of defense from infection in
peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, such as the mucosal tissues of the respiratory, digestive …

A fundamental benefit of immunological memory is the ability to respond in an enhanced
manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T …

Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells provide enhanced protection against infection at
mucosal sites. Here we found that CD4+ T cells are important for the formation of functional …

Mucosal effector memory CD8 T cells are located at the epithelium and have a heightened
and immediate effector function. By contrast, central memory T cells reside within lymphoid …

We have outlined the carefully orchestrated process of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation from
naïve to effector and from effector to memory cells with a focus on how these processes can …