Despite the exhaustive search for an acceptable substitute to erythrocyte transfusion, neither
chemical-based products such as perfluorocarbons nor hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers …

Context.—There is no true substitute for the many functions of human red blood cells, and
synthetic products will not replace the need for blood donation in the foreseeable future …

Inherent risks and increasing costs of allogeneic transfusions underline the socioeconomic
relevance of safe and effective alternatives to banked blood. The safety limits of a restrictive …

This review article discusses the development and implementation of a number of blood
substitutes, including hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbons …

Packed red blood cells are a critical component in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.
The availability of donor-derived blood products, however, suffers from issues of supply …

In this review the current status of what commonly are termed “blood substitutes” is
discussed. The term blood substitute is a misnomer because the formulations under …

Blood transfusions are one of the most common procedures performed in hospitalized
patients. Yet, despite all of the measures taken to ensure the safety of the blood supply …

Blood transfusion is the key to life in case of traumatic emergencies, surgeries and in several
pathological conditions. An important goal of whole blood or red blood cell transfusion is the …

The development of oxygen-carrying blood substitutes has progressed significantly in the
last decade with phase I and phase II clinical trials of both hemoglobin-based and …

Blood transfusions are a daily practice in hospitals. Since these products are limited in
availability and have various, harmful side effects, researchers have pursued the goal to …