Background We organized this study in order to investigate differences in serum
inflammatory profiles and circulating serum pneumoproteins between smokers with and …

Background The markers that characterize local and systemic inflammation in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear, as do their correlations with …

Smoking is the main risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) that has been recently defined as a systemic pulmonary inflammatory …

Introduction: Inflammation is an important constituent of the pathology of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), leading to alveolar destruction and airway remodelling …

Background Elevated circulating levels of several inflammatory biomarkers have been
described in selected patient populations with COPD, although less is known about their …

Objective To investigate whether inflammatory indices, including the systemic immune-
inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio …

Background and objective It is known that biomarkers of systemic inflammation are raised in
COPD caused by tobacco (T-COPD) compared with healthy controls, but there is less …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops only in smoking-sensitive smokers
and manifests heterogeneous phenotypes, including emphysema and non-emphysema …

Methods This is a cross-sectional comparative study. Two groups of active smokers of more
than 10 pack-years were included: 56 consecutives stable COPD (postbronchodilator FEV …

Background and Aims COPD is progressive lung disease with known higher cardiovascular
(CV) risk, mainly attributed to smoking of cigarettes as the main etiological factor of disease …