Background: Hepatic complications are common in patients with congenital heart disease as
a consequence of the primary cardiac defect or as a result of surgical palliation (eg Fontan …

Background: Patients who have undergone the Fontan procedure are at risk of developing
hepatic dysfunction. However, broad recommendations regarding liver monitoring are …

Objective: The development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis due to long-standing liver
congestion is known to occur in adult patients with Fontan circulation. Hepatic elastography …

Background Progressive fibrotic alterations of liver tissue represent a major complication in
children with cystic fibrosis. Correct assessment of cystic-fibrosis-associated liver disease …

Purpose: Transient elastography (Fibroscan©;(FS)) and acoustic radiation force impulse
imaging (ARFI) represent noninvasive, user-friendly and quick methods providing an …

Purpose Liver biopsy (LB) is still considered the “gold standard” for hepatological
evaluation, but recently noninvasive methods have attempted to replace this invasive …

Purpose: Spleen elastography is a promising method for the characterization of portal
hypertension in cirrhotic individuals. However, standardized examination procedures for …

Objectives Measurements of liver stiffness and spleen stiffness are useful noninvasive ways
to assess fibrosis and portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver disease. One method …

Background: Hepatic abnormalities have been well documented among patients post-
Fontan surgery for complex congenital heart disease. Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a recognized …

Background Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a noninvasive ultrasound
elastography technique for evaluating tissue stiffness. The association of liver and spleen …