Individual and situational determinants of police force: An examination of threat presentation

ST Holmes, KM Reynolds, RM Holmes… - American journal of …, 1998 - Springer
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer
decisions regarding the use of differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a …
被引用次数：43 相关文章

Individual and situational determinants of police force: An examination of threat presentation

ST Holmes, KM Reynolds… - American journal of …, 1998 - krimdok.uni-tuebingen.de
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer
decisions regarding the use of differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a …
[PDF] academia.edu

[PDF][PDF] INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF POLICE FORCE: An Examination of Threat Presentation

ST HOLMES, KM REYNOLDS… - AMERICAN JOURNAL …, 1998 - academia.edu
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer
decisions regarding the use of differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a …

Individual and situational determinants of police force: An examination of threat presentation

ST Holmes, KM Reynolds, RM Holmes… - American Journal of …, 1998 - search.proquest.com
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer
decisions regarding the use of differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a …

INDIVIDUAL AND SITUATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF POLICE FORCE: An Examination of Threat Presentation.

ST Holmest, FK Michael, RM Holmes… - American Journal of …, 1998 - search.ebscohost.com
This study is based on previous research denoting the primary factors that influence officer
decisions regarding the use of differing levels of force in police-citizen encounters. Using a …

Individual and Situational Determinants of Police Force: An Examination of Threat Presentation

ST Holmes, KM Reynolds, RM Holmes, S Faulkner - ojp.gov
Using a totality-of-the-circumstance approach, primary emphasis is on explaining those
factors that contribute to officers' estimation of the perceived level of threat inherent in police …

[引用][C] Individual and situational determinants of police force: An examination of threat presentation

ST Holmes, KM Reynolds, RM Holmes… - American Journal of …, 1998 - Springer