Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) are rare congenital, acquired, or recurrent abnormal
connections between the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract. Primary open or …

H-type TEF are usually diagnosed in the first few years of life but sometimes not until late
childhood or adulthood, as they present with chronic not-specific symptoms such as chronic …

Background Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) can be congenital, acquired, or recurrent.
They are rare, with the incidence of congenital fistulas reported to be 1 in 3500–4300 live …

Background Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) can be congenital, acquired, or recurrent.
They are rare, with the incidence of congenital fistulas reported to be 1 in 3500–4300 live …