… viruses share common strategies for viral gene expression … The genetic stability of each
raMPV mutant was determined … with raMPV mutants can induce protective immunity. Briefly, 1-…

… stability, and suitability for mass administration by spray or drinking water, as well as strong
induction … Therefore, although others have used the complete S gene as the transgene in the …

… of virus evolution and the incomplete protection conferred by … that will be more stable in
bird-to-bird passage in the field or … coli and infectious bronchitis virus in the Central Valley of …

… DNA vaccines expressing IBV S1, N, and M genes delivered via … disease virus and avian
metapneumovirus backbones have … -2 S vaccines are protective and induce robust neutralizing …

… (AMPV) vaccine which had been shown to be highly protective … able to cause disease of a
very similar nature to virulent virus. … be possible to increase vaccine stability by increasing the …

… metapneumovirus virus backbones, show promise as these … induce a protective immune
response against the pathogenic … A recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a …

… This process potentially results in the induction of a protective … (NDV) [275–279], and avian
metapneumovirus [280] have … The stability of the transgenes and the interference with vector-…

… of the limited cross-protection of the vaccines (13, 14). … , avian metapneumovirus, and
infectious laryngotracheitis … with IBV and H9N2 AIV might change the HA stability and function of …

… Infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture was more stable in … IBV, Newcastle, and avian
metapneumovirus vaccines might … response, and induced level of protection when administered …

… Recently, epitope-based vaccines that are safe, non-infective, stable, and low cost have …
on peptides or virus-induced T cell proliferation. We compared the survival in immune protection …