… to develop renewable and low-toxicity alternatives to supply, at … to other reactions to produce
a series of derivatives, which will be … The physical properties of the levulinate esters—and …

… Levulinate esters (eg, ethyl levulinate, EL) are considered as an alternative to LA due to their
specific physicochemical properties [6,7,8]. Unlike LA, its esters … All XRD curves show the …

… In the present study, three potential biofuels, ethyl levulinate, … established biodiesel (BD;
rapeseed oil methyl ester, RME). … (Agilent technologies 1200 series equipped with G1315C DAD …

… Although all these solid acid catalysts offer moderate to excellent yield of levulinate ester,
the actual employment of these solid acid catalyst is greatly hampered in practical application …

… Levulinate esters are a promising class of biomass derivatives with low toxicity, high … high
alcohol/water ratios, making alkyl levulinates a more attractive platform chemical as compared …

… show the importance of γ-valerolactone production in biomass conversion. γ-Valerolactone
can be obtained through hydrogenation of levulinic acid or levulinate esters… , and no toxicity. …

… compounds that show promising plasticizing … levulinate via Pd catalysed esterification
between LA and vinyl acetate with the aim of developing a novel source of biosourced vinyl esters. …

… oxygen atom of the ester to catalyze the reaction. The present … in food and drink because
of its fruit flavour and low toxicity. … utilized a series of Al–Zr mixed oxides to obtain an 83.2% …

… to prepare ILs and on their toxicity have been posed in recent … , ESI†) show the characteristic
bands of the levulinate anion, … of Lev PILs, as well as any ester band. This proves that no …

… The ecotoxicity of these solvents is very low, and thus their … for furfural, while the ester butyl
levulinate shows the lowest … The solvents derived from biomass studied in this work show …