… of hardness in the EC50 model and its effect on reproduction (… Effects of the optimization
of culture conditions on life history … of copper to Ceriodaphnia dubia: effect of complexation …

… Actual water hardness and alkalinity were measured using … Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia
dubia/affinis tested at two … regimes on survival, reproduction and growth. Environ Pollut …

… was supplemented with liquid calcium chloride to reach a hardness of 160–200 mg L −1 as
… to reproduce every day. Less than 24-h old C. dubia young were collected from the culture …

… -hard synthetic water and allowed to reproduce. Each … cultures, as well as the absence of
toxicants and no large differences in water quality (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, alkalinity…

… +Pb+Zn (1.3+1.1+13.0 μg/L) had a significant effect on reproduction of C. … Culture water was
renewed three times weekly. … Other water chemistry factors, including pH, alkalinity, and the …

… toxic effects of the receiving water from possible toxic effects of SRS … -term cultures of
Ceriodaphnia in water from the three streams. If … , total hardness, and total alkalinity) on the water. …

… “all-or-nothing” effect: reproduction became impaired only at … cultures and toxicity tests,
especially if metals are concerned. It allows simple manipulation of water hardness and alkalinity (…

… dubia three-brood reproduction tests were conducted … stored at 4 C in regular culture water
prior to and during the … , pH, conductivity, hardness and alkalinity. Measurements of the first …

… some ions (eg, Table 1, no alkalinity for F3) the ALSW was a … The model predictions in Figure
5 reproduce the observed … Wisniewski and TD Dawson, who supervised the culture of test …

… -day static renewal survival and reproduction toxicity tests. … Total hardness, alkalinity, and
pH ranged from 80 to 90 mg … and survival in the control organisms and in our stock cultures …