… that can lead to pathogen adaptation, antigenic divergence or … and local knowledge (from
communities and determined … For other pathogens such as helminths with long lifespans that …

… It is assumed that an adaptive advantage is conferred upon cells that are … diseases that
reduce average lifespan, environmental factors also play a major role in lifespan determination. …

… host intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses to viral infections in … drivers of seasonal
patterns in epidemiology. In addition, exposure to outdoor conditions (albeit 10% of lifetime…

… in embryonal development and lifespan, skeletal muscle and … adaptive stress responses.
Mithridates VI [132] and Paracelsus [133] had early insight that the dose matters in deciding …

… Fortunately, the majority of chronic diseases can be … a healthy lifestyle throughout the
lifespan resulting in an extended … promote adaptation and pathophysiology ensues, leading to …

… of the forces driving seasonal disappearance and recurrence of infectious diseases remains
… Newly emergent zoonotic diseases such as ebola or pandemic strains of influenza have …

… domains that ultimately determine one’s resilience, longevity, and … The balance between
adaptive neuroplasticity and … on how genetic predispositions to diseases can be amplified when …

… adaptive responses are modifiable through alteration of living conditions during the lifespan
… to describe diseases in the past and to trace changes of those diseases in response to the …

… to determine transmission intensity (ie, adult longevity, biting … a diversity of insects in laboratory
and field settings [35–42]. … using an alternative measure, adapted from the work of Killeen …

… human life span has ushered in a new concern: healthy aging. Because infectious diseases
… senescence than are mechanisms and effectors of adaptive immunity. However, most of the …