… Fragmentation of DNA indicated the role of PD-L1-siRNA in the activation of apoptosis
mechanism in … Furthermore, PD-L1 is critical to promote stem cell-like properties in breast …

… PD-L1 expression on CSCs of breast cancer promotes the … These expressions sustain
the stemness of breast cancer through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway [40]. Apart from …

… population by activating Ras-MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways[54] … to sustain the cells of the
TME. In this way the TME and … Furthermore, the elevated expression of PD-L1 on BCSCs is …

… molecular mechanism of PD-L1 regulating stem cell characteristics, … was knockdown by
siRNA, the expressions of CD133, Nanog, … crucial to maintain stemness and promotes the tumor …

… migration and invasion by maintaining stability of Nanog [44,… the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
pathway exacerbates breast … anti-cancer immunity by regulating PD-1 or PD-L1 expression. …

… was shown to promote PD-L1 degradation and inhibit PD-L1 … positive feedback loop that
sustains the altered malignant state … biomarker for PI3K/Akt pathway activation and PTEN status, …

… (OCT4), SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2), homeobox protein (… This in turn enhances
tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, … AhR regulates tumorigenesis by maintaining CSC …

… breast cancer cells, melanoma cells, and colon cancer cells … BMS-1166 can promote the
formation of PD-L1 dimers, the … and that PD-L1 sustains PI3K/AKT pathway activation in a wide …

… : altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, … The HIFs promote the expression
of more than 150 genes, … and refers to the sustained restriction in oxygen diffusion by …

… Hippo pathway has been involved in maintaining stemness … pathways involved in such
conditions is PI3K-AKT signaling [… , it has been shown that tumors with high expression of PD-L1 …